sci

• Science Framework in the K to 12

  • Responds to the 21st Century Literacy
  • Science and Technology Literacy is the ultimate goal of science learning
  • Development starts early and formally begins in K to a completion of a degree and throughout life
  • A country whose citizens are science and technologically literate will be educationally and scientifically advanced
• Science literacy

  1. Starts with acquisition of knowledge (ideas, concepts, generalizations, theories)

  2. Knowledge should be understood and applied in daily lives
• Science

  • Consists of a body of knowledge and the process by which that knowledge is produced
  • Knowledge, including facts, theories, and laws, is tentative and subject to change due to new evidence
  • Science knowledge is socially and culturally embedded
• Performing Scientific Inquiry Skills

  1. Foundation of scientific and technological literacy

  2. Set of skills to be learned by students including science processes, performance of scientific investigations
• Intervening skills for achieving Science and Technology Literacy

  • Understanding and Applying Scientific Knowledge
  • Performing Scientific Inquiry Skills
• Science knowledge

  Starts with acquisition of knowledge, then understanding and application in daily lives
• Science processes

  Describe the way of thinking and knowing about the world
• Scientific knowledge

  • Is tentative and subject to change due to new evidence brought about by advances in theory and technology
  • Is socially and culturally embedded
• Scientific inquiry skills


  • Foundation of scientific and technological literacy
  • Set of skills to be learned by students
• Scientific inquiry

  A systematic approach used by scientists to answer mind-boggling questions
• Science oriented mind

  A questioning mind that inquires by asking a series of questions and finding answers to them
• Scientific attitudes

  • Curiosity
  • Humility
  • Open-mindedness
  • Intellectual honesty
  • Perseverance
  • Skepticism
  • Creative and Innovative
  • Rational
  • Objective
  • Innovative
• Approaches, Models, and Practices in teaching and learning science

  • Multidisciplinary - Interdisciplinary Approach
  • Science - Technology Society (STS) Approach
  • Problem/Issue Based Learning
  • Inquiry-based approach
  • Constructivism
• Development and demonstration of scientific attitudes and values is a very important component of scientific literacy
• Skills needed for students to be science inquirers

  • Ask questions about objects, organisms, and events in the environment
  • Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations
  • Plan and conduct a simple investigation
  • Design and conduct simple scientific investigation
  • Employ simple equipment and tools to gather data and extend the senses
  • Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data
  • Use data to construct reasonable explanations
  • Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence
  • Communicate investigations and explanations
  • Think critically and logically to make the relationship between evidence and explanations
• Constructivism is a theory that explains how people learn by constructing their own understanding and knowledge of the world through prior experiences and reflecting on those experiences
• Constructivism


  A theory that explains how people learn by constructing their own understanding and knowledge of the world through prior experiences and reflecting on those experiences
• Constructivism

  1. Continuous asking of questions, exploration, and assessment

  2. Comparing new information with previous experiences and discarding the old if the new information is relevant
• Constructivism

  • Encouraging active learning, experimenting, and real-world problem-solving to create more knowledge
  • Discussing what students are doing themselves to realize that their understanding may be changing, thus constructing their own knowledge
• Social Cognition Learning Model


  • Introduced by Lev Vygotsky, where culture is a primary factor of individual development
  • Culture teaches learners both what to think and how to think
• Social Cognition Learning Model

  1. Lesson should be designed to emphasize interaction between learners and the learning task

  2. Appropriate adult help or scaffolding is needed for independent problem solvers
• Learning Style Theory


  • Each individual has a preference in how they learn based on cognitive, emotional, and environmental factors
  • Individualized teaching and learning or differentiated instructions are anchored on learning styles of learners
• Learning styles

  • Visual
  • Auditory (Oral-Aural)
  • Tactile or kinesthetic
• Characteristics of a Scientific and Technologically Literate person

  • Critical and Creative Problem solver
  • Responsible steward of nature
  • Innovative and Inventive thinker
  • Informed decision maker
  • Effective communicator
• Science teachers should develop learners with characteristics like critical thinking, responsibility towards nature, innovation, informed decision-making, and effective communication
• Science is a body of knowledge and the process by which that knowledge is produced
• Science knowledge is socially and culturally embedded
• Scientific attitudes

  • Curiosity
  • Humility
  • Open-mindedness
  • Intellectual honesty
  • Perseverance
  • Skepticism
  • Creative and Innovative
  • Rational
  • Objective
• Attitude can be positive or negative
• A science-oriented mind is a questioning mind
• Which approaches, models, and practices used in the framework would be effective in teaching-learning science in elementary grades
• Describe the kind of learners in terms of being Scientific and Technologically literate
• Basic Science Process Skills

  1. Observing

  2. Classifying

  3. Communicating

  4. Measuring

  5. Inferring

  6. Predicting
• Integrated Process Skills

  1. Formulating hypothesis

  2. Controlling Variables

  3. Defining Operationally

  4. Experimenting

  5. Interpreting Data

  6. Formulating Models
• Higher Order Thinking Skills

  1. Critical Thinking

  2. Creative Thinking

  3. Problem Solving
• Science learning should be fun and challenging
• There are strategies and methods that are appropriate for the subject matter you will teach
• Teaching of Science in the Elementary Grades
• There are three dimensions of science that are all important: content of science, processes of doing science, and scientific attitudes
• Content of science

  Basic concepts and scientific knowledge