A point mutation insertion/deletion will induce a frameshift. However, insertion or deletion of 3 nucleotides will not induce a frameshift. Instead either amino acids are introduced or lost
A single mRNA molecule can encode many proteins (polycistronic mRNA)
RBS (ribosome binding sequence- contains the Shine-Dalgarno sequence) 3-9 bp upstream of start codon, complementary to sequence in 16S rRNA in ribosome, aligns ribosome with beginning of ORF (open reading frame). Spacing between RBS and start codon influences translational activity of particular ORF
Small RNA adaptor molecule participates in protein synthesis
Two important regions: anti-codon and amino acid attachment site
Many types tRNA molecule (40-60 depending on the species) - each type attached to different amino acid (via aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases) each type recognizes specific codon (or codons)-not always the case due to the wobble theory
The formation of an initiation complex in which the mRNA start codon is correctly positioned on the ribosome, and the initiator tRNA is annealed to the start codon and bound to the ribosome