Cells, Diffusion

• what does the M in MRS GREN stand for


  movement
• what do the R's in MRS GREN stand for

  respiration and reproduction
• what does the S in MRS GREN stand for


  sensitivity
• what does the G in MRS GREN stand for

  growth
• what does the E in MRS GREN stand for

  excretion
• what does the N in MRS GREN stand for

  nutrition
• what is in a typical animal cell?


  cell membrane

  cytoplasm

  mitochondrion

  nucleus
• what is in a typical plant cell?


  cell wall

  cell membrane

  cytoplasm

  chloroplasts

  nucleus

  vacuole
• what is found in both animal and plant cells?

  cell membrane

  cytoplasm

  nucleus
• what does the nucleus do?

  controls the cells activities and contains the DNA
• what does the cell membrane do?


  allows materials into and out of the cell

  important chemicals for growth and chemical reactions move into the cell

  wastes are transported out of the cell
• what does the cell wall do?

  only found in the plant cells

  it's the tough outer layer made of cellulose

  it supports the cell and helps maintain its shape
• what does the vacuole do?

  fluid-filled

  it stores things for the cell and helps maintain the shape of the cell
• what does the chloroplast do?


  site of photosynthesis

  contains chlorophyll
• what does the cytoplasm do?

  jelly like fluid in the cell

  the organelles are contained within cytoplasm

  the site of chemical reactions
• what's the formula for calculating magnification?

  magnification = image length/actual length
• what is the function of the red blood cell?

  transport oxygen from lungs to other cells in the body
• what are some adaptations of red blood cells?

  circularbioconcave shape - to increase surface area to volume of ratio to increase absorption of oxygen

  
  

  lacks nucleus - to pack in more haemoglobin to increase oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
• what is the function of the root hair cell?

  to absorb water and dissolved minerals salts from the soil into the roots
• what are some of the adaptations of the root hair cell?


  contains a lot of mitochondria - to release energy from respiration for active transport of mineral ions, against a concentration gradient

  
  

  long and narrow protrusion - to increase surface area to volume of ratio to increase rate of absorption of water and mineral salts
• what is the function of ciliated cells?

  movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
• what are the adaptations of ciliated cells?

  Fine hairs - move and sweep mucus
• what is the function of root hair cell?

  absorb water and minerals from the soil
• what are the adaptations of root hair cell?

  long "finger-like" section with thin wall - gives a large surface area to make it easier to absorb lots of water and nutrients
• what is the function of palisade mesophyll cells?

  to carry out photosynthesis
• what are the adaptations of palisade mesophyll cells?

  lots of chloroplasts - to help carry out photosynthesis
• what is the function of sperm cells?

  reproduction
• what are the adaptations of sperm cells?

  a long flagellum - to make it easier to swim to the egg

  
  

  lots of mitochondria - to provide lots of energy
• what is the function of an egg cell?

  reproduction
• what are the adaptations of egg cells?

  outer layer of jelly - protects the cell as it travels along the oviduct

  
  

  energy stored in cytoplasm - supports development of the zygote until implanted in the uterus wall
• what is diffusion?

  diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement
• where does the energy for diffusion come from?

  the kinetic energy of random movement of molecules and ions
• diffusion is a passive process

  what does this mean?

  it means no energy is required for it to happen
• molecules diffuse until?

  they are evenly spaced apart and equilibrium is reached
• what is an example of where diffusion occurs?

  breathing

  respiration

  digestion

  nerve impulses

  across the placenta
• in animals, how do vital substances get to where they are needed?

  the substances are transported in the bloodstream, from where they can diffuse in and out of cells
• what is osmosis?

  The net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
• will a dilute solution have a high concentration of water or low concentration?

  high concentration of water
• will a concentrated solution have a high concentration of water or a low concentration?

  low concentration of water
• what does partially permeable mean?

  lets small molecules through but not larger molecules