cognitive psychology

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    Created by
    gabby davies

    Cards (21)

    • reconstructive memory - perception

      test memory for shapes and objects
      ppts assigned verbal labels
      perception determines how something is remembered
    • reconstructive memory - imaging

      used in blots
      rummaged about stored images to find best fit
      determined by experiences and interests
    • reconstructive memory - remembering

      war of ghost folktale
      culturally unfamiliar
      supernatural
      20 ppts
      story shortened , made modern
      rarely accurate
    • reconstructive memory - schema 

      parcels of stored knowledge
      used to fill in gaps
      active reconstruction
    • reconstructive memory Ao3
      • war of ghost is irrelevant ❌
      • same findings on diff ppts✅
    • working memory model

      central executive
      phonological loop
      visuospatial sketchpad
    • central executive 

      determines which info is and isn’t attended to
      process info in all sensory forms
      limited in capacity
    • phonological loop

      “inner ear”
      auditory store
      slave system
      difficult to remember similar sounding words
    • visuospatial sketchpad

      “inner eye”
      slave system
      visual store
      encode through mental pictures
    • strengths of wmm
      Tulving 1989 / brain scans , frontal lobes active for episodic, back cortex active for semantic
      KC / suffered impairment to episodic but semantic intact after motorbike accident
    • weaknesses of wmm
      HM&CW / both could still learn new skills
      case studies cannot be replicated for practical and ethical reasons so reliability cannot be checked
    • Baddeley 1966 aim
      to investigate the influence of acoustic & semantic word similarity on recall in LTM and STM
    • Baddeley procedure
      lab experiment
      4 lists of 10 words
      • acoustic similar eg man, can
      • acoustic dissimilar eg cow, mat
      • semantic similar eg big, large
      • semantic dissimilar eg good,huge
      1 word every 3 seconds
    • Baddeley results

      acoustic encoding difficult but didn’t affect LTM recall
      semantic similar difficult to learn
      STM largely acoustic
      LTM largely semantic
    • Baddeley Ao3

      reliable ✅
      controlled = cause & effect ✅
      lack mundane reality❌
      unable to generalise ❌
    • Tulving episodic memory

      personal events & experiences
      eg birthday party
      mental dairy
      linked to time and context
      explicit
    • Tulving semantic

      mental encyclopedia
      facts and knowledge
      no temporal link
    • Tulving procedural memory

      skills and abilities
      added later - 1985
      eg Henry Molaison
    • Henry Molasion

      surgical procedure to relieve seizures , lost hippocampus
      anterograde amnesia, unable to form new memory , no mem of new skills
      reterograde amnesia , unable to retrieve memory
    • Tulving declarative memory

      words and concepts
      need retrieval cues
      influences reconstructive memory
    • Tulving Ao3

      brain scans found episodic - front cortex
      semantic - back cortex✅
      KC✅
      case studies cannot be replicated ❌
      HM could still learn new skills❌
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