modern medicine

• what is the structure of DNA?

  Double helix
• who discovered DNA? and when?

  Francis Crick and James Watson

  1953
• what did Rosalind Franklin do?


  1st person to take x-ray photos of DNA
• when was the human genome project?

  1986- 2001
• how many countries were included in the human genome project?

  18
• what did the human genome project do?

  compiled a completed map of the human DNA

  helped to discover genetic diseases
• name 2 genetic diseases?

  downs syndrome

  cystic fibrosis
• what did Martin Evans discover and when?

  stem cells in 2007
• when were electron microscopes discovered?

  1931
• what is an endoscope?

  a camera inside a flexible tube passed through the body so doctors can see inside the body without surgery
• how do scans/monitors help with diagnosis?

  scan the body to identify cancers/ other illnesses to catch disease as early as possible
• how does nuclear medicine help diagnosis?

  radioactive elements injected into the bloodstream where they track and diagnose changes in the body through disease
• who discovered penicillin and when?

  Alexander Fleming in 1928
• what did Fleming use penicillin to treat?

  a colleague’s eye infection
• who mass produced penicillin?

  Florey and Chain
• how many doses of penicillin was there for D-Day?

  2.3 million
• how much funding did florey and chain get from the uk and us government?

  uk- £ 25

  us- $ 3 million
• who discovered the 1st magic bullet, when, and what was its name?

  Paul Ehrlick, in 1900, named salvarsan 606
• what was salvarsan 606 able to do?

  kill the bacteria that caused syphilis but also killed the patiet
• what was the 2nd magic bullet, who discovered it and when?

  prontosil

  gerhard domagk

  1930s
• who did domagk cure with his magic bullet?

  his daughter from blood poisoning
• what did both magic bullets contain?

  sulphonamides

  which cured diseases like pneumonia and scarlet fever
• who wrote the beveridge report? and when?

  William Beveridge in 1942
• what did the beveridge report suggest?

  • creating a national health service which should be free and paid for from taxes
  • everyone in work would pay national insurance out of their wages
  • 600,000 copies sold
• when was the NHS introduced?

  July 1948
• how many people had never seen a doctor before the NHS?

  8 million
• who discovered blood groups and when?

  karl landsteiner in 1901
• what was initially added to blood to stop it clotting?

  sodium citrate
• who discovered x-rays and when?

  Wilhelm Roentgen, 1895
• when was the 1st heart transplant and who by?

  1967, Christiaan Barnard
• what is keyhole surgery?


  surgeons cut into the body through as small a hole as possible
• when was the indoor smoking ban?

  2007
• when were tobacco vending machines banned?

  2011
• when was the national insurance act?

  1911
• when was the ministry of health set up?

  1919