cels module 4

• out of the following which is the prokaryote; protozoa, fungi, bacteria, helminths?

  bacteria
• what are the three types of horizontal gene transfer?

  transformation, transduction, conjugation
• what are the stages of the bacteriophage infection/lytic cycle?

  attachment, penetration, uncoating, genome replication and gene expression, assembly, release.
• what are the 4 trophic groups?


  photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs
• what are the pros of culture dependant methods?

  access to phenotype, ability to manipulate conditions to see response, can study one organism at a time
• what are the cons of culture dependant methods?

  not all organisms can be cultured, too many species to culture, requires precise conditions, does not match real world conditions
• what are the pros of culture independant methods?

  access to genotype, can study many organisms at a time, shows communities as they are in nature, can target non culturable organisms, provides access to unknown information/species
• what are the cons of culture independant methods?

  expensive and complex, no pure culture so inability to manipulate conditions