STS 1-3

• Science and technology are intertwined with one another. It shows how developed the society is.
• Caveman


  • Discovered how to make and use tools
  • Developed a logical sequence of activities and processes that contributed to his life
• • Human artifacts
  • Tools


  2.3 million years ago
• Stones (roughly shaped)


  • Eastern Africa
• Mesopotamian (400 BC)


  • Discovered disease, symptoms, chemical substances, and astronomical observations
• Nile Valley of Egypt

  • Treated wounds and diseases
  • Performed mathematical calculation
• 300 to 400 BC

  • Number of philosophers arises
  • Euclid - founder of modern geometry
  • Archimedes - founder of engineering mechanics, calculated value of pi
• 3000 BC - Bronze Age


  • Copper was discovered
  • Bronze (combination of copper and tin)
• 3500 BC - Mesopotamia


  • 2 wheeled carts were created
• Urbanization (3000 BC)


  • The first pyramid was built in Egypt, the most outstanding development in science and technology
• Middle Ages (450-1450 AD)


  • Warfare had improved tremendously
• Renaissance era (1450 – 1600 AD)


  • The rebirth of knowledge
  • Printing press was invented in Gutenberg, Germany
  • Leonardo da Vinci - pioneer in arts
  • Copernicus - heliocentrism
  • Ptolemy - geocentrism
  • Geographic discovery; Prince Henry for South Africa and Columbus for America
• Galileo (1608)


  • Studied and successfully made his copy of the Spyglass
  • Invented the telescope
  • Invented the microscope and thermometer
• Isaac Newton


  • Helped define the laws of gravity and planetary motion, co-founded calculus, laws of light and color
• Albert Einstein


  • His works greatly impacted the different theories and concepts that are still applicable and used today (quantum theory to nuclear power and atom bomb)
• Industrial Revolution


  • Began the production of factories (mass production of goods)
  • In 1800, lightbulbs replaced the candles and oil lamps
• 20th century


  • Inventions such as the radio, communication tools through electronics and computers, and the first engine-powered car were developed
  • First man to go to space in a rocket
• Before the Spanish Colonization in the Philippines


  • Technology can be observed in handicrafts, pottery, weaving, metalware, and boats
  • They have their own method of writing, counting, and medicinal herbs
  • They have a system for determining days without a calendar
• Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines

  • Formal education
  • Improved sanitation and agriculture methods
  • Prioritized the study of medicine
  • Contributed to the field of engineering and construction
  • Meteorological studies
  • Manila Observatory was founded
• American and Post-Commonwealth Period in the Philippines

  • Industrial technology was not given much focus due to the free trade policy with the United States
  • The Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science in 1946
  • Pres. Carlos P. Garcia passed the Science Act of 1958, establishing the National Science Development Board
• Science as an Idea

  Includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic explanations and observations about the natural and physical world
• Science as an Intellectual Activity

  Encompasses a systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world. This process of study involves systematic observation and experimentation.
• Science as a Body of Knowledge (School Science)


  A subject, a discipline, or a field of study that deals with learning about the world.
• Science as a Personal and Social Activity

  It is both knowledge and activities done by humans to understand, improve, and survive life.
• Philosophy


  Provides alternative or possible explanations for certain phenomena.
• Religion


  To rationalize the origins of life and all lifeless forms.
• Scientific Revolution


  The Enlightenment period when the developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed society's views.
• Scientific Revolution


  Transformed the natural world and the world of ideas.
• Maya Civilization


  • Lasted for approximately 2,000 years
  • Works in astronomy
  • Pyramid at chichen itza, mexico
  • Mayan calendar
  • Hydraulic system
  • Mica
  • Mayan hieroglyphics
• Inca Civilization


  • Roads paved with stones
  • Stone buildings
  • Irrigation system and technique
  • Calendar with 12 months
  • First suspension bridge
  • Quipu - a system of knotted ropes
  • Inca textiles
• Aztec Civilization


  • Mandatory education
  • Chocolates
  • Antipasmodic medication
  • Chinampa
  • Aztec calendar
  • Invention of canoe
• India


  • Known for manufacturing iron and metallurgical works
  • Ayurveda - a system of traditional medicine
  • Susruta Samhita - ancient medicinal and surgical text
  • Spherical self-supporting earth
  • 360 days with 12 equal parts
  • Siddhanta Shiromani - a book containing astronomical discoveries
  • Mohenjo daro ruler
  • Aryabhatiya by Aryabhata - a book that introduced trigonometric functions, tables, and techniques
  • Brahmagupta - use of zero
  • Madhava of Sangamagrama - father of mathematical analysis
• China


  • Acupuncture
  • Compass
  • Gunpowder
  • Printing tools
  • Supernovas, eclipses, & comets
  • Seismology
• Middle East


  • Ibn al-haytham - father of optics
  • Muhammad ibn Musa al-khwarizmi - concept of the algorithm
  • Al-jabr - algebra
  • Jabir ibn Hayyan - father of chemistry
  • Ibn Sina - a pioneer in experimental medicine
• Science


  The collective human effort to understand the history of the natural world and how it works; the knowledge about the natural world through observations and experiments.
• Technology


  The knowledge of Science that has been put to practical use to solve problems
• Development


  Always linked with technology, which is caused by any advancement in science.
• Developed Countries


  Have advanced infrastructure and high standards of living
• Developing Countries


  Are still in the process of industrialization and have lower standards of living
• By 2020, 7 out of 10 countries with the largest economies will be coming from Asia. These countries are China, Japan, India, Thailand, South Korea, and Taiwan.