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Bio Topic 1: Stem cells
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Created by
Jotham
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Cards (27)
What is the main focus of the video?
The use of
stem cells
in
medicine
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How can stem cells be used to treat diabetes?
By replacing damaged
pancreas cells
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What condition can stem cells potentially treat related to nerve cells?
Paralysis
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What are the two important features of stem cells?
They can
divide
and
differentiate
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What are the two main types of stem cells?
Embryonic
and
adult
stem cells
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Where are embryonic stem cells found?
In the
early
embryo
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What can adult stem cells differentiate into?
Different types of
blood cells
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What causes type 1 diabetes?
Damage to
pancreas cells
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What is sickle cell anemia caused by?
Misshapen
red blood cells
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What is the basic idea behind using stem cells in medicine?
To replace
faulty cells
with
healthy ones
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How do scientists typically obtain embryonic stem cells?
By extracting them from early
embryos
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What is a potential treatment for diabetic patients using stem cells?
Injecting
differentiated
pancreas
cells
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What is a drawback of using embryonic stem cells?
Limited supply and
ethical issues
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Why might a patient's immune system reject stem cells?
Different
genomes
between
embryo
and patient
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How can the risk of rejection be reduced?
By suppressing the patient's
immune system
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What is a benefit of using adult stem cells?
They can be taken from the
patient
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What is a limitation of adult stem cells?
They can only
differentiate
into
blood cells
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What are the two potential risks of using stem cells?
Virus
transmission
and
tumor
development
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What does virus transmission refer to in stem cell therapy?
Infected
donor cells
transferring viruses
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Why is tumor development a concern with stem cells?
Stem cells can divide
uncontrollably
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What is the ethical objection to using embryonic stem cells?
Potential for human life in
embryos
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What do some people prioritize over embryo rights?
Curing
suffering
individuals
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Where do the embryos used in research typically come from?
Unwanted embryos from
fertility clinics
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How is embryonic stem cell research regulated in the UK?
It is
legal
but
tightly
controlled
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What are the main applications of stem cells in medicine?
Treating diabetes by replacing
pancreas cells
Treating paralysis by producing healthy
nerve cells
Treating
sickle cell anemia
by creating healthy blood cells
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of using embryonic versus adult stem cells?
Strengths of embryonic stem cells:
Can
differentiate
into any cell type
Potential for treating
various
conditions
Weaknesses of embryonic stem cells:
Limited
supply
Ethical
concerns
Risk of
immune
rejection
Strengths of adult stem cells:
Easy to
obtain
Lower risk of rejection
Weaknesses of adult stem cells:
Limited to blood cell differentiation
Less versatile for treating other conditions
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What are the potential risks associated with stem cell therapy?
Virus transmission from
donor cells
Tumor development due to
uncontrolled division
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