Blood

• What shape is the heart described as?

  Hollow, muscular cone-shaped
• Where is the heart located in the body?

  On the left side of the body
• What is the primary function of the heart?

  To act as a pump and maintain circulation
• How many chambers does the heart consist of?

  Four chambers
• What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

  Left atrium and right atrium
• What are the two lower chambers of the heart called?

  Left ventricle and right ventricle
• What is the function of the heart valves?

  To prevent blood from flowing backward
• What are the three layers of the heart wall?

  • Endocardium: Inner layer
  • Myocardium: Middle layer, contains cardiac muscle
  • Pericardium: Outer layer
• What is the inner layer of the heart wall called?

  Endocardium
• What is the middle layer of the heart wall called?

  Myocardium
• What is the function of the myocardium?

  To pump the blood
• What is the outer layer of the heart called?

  Pericardium
• What is the right atrioventricular valve also known as?

  Tricuspid valve
• Where is the right atrioventricular valve located?

  Between right atrium and right ventricle
• What is the role of the right atrioventricular valve?

  To prevent backflow into the right atrium
• What are the right pulmonary veins responsible for?

  Transporting oxygenated blood to the heart
• What is the function of the left pulmonary veins?

  Transporting oxygenated blood from the lungs
• What is the role of the right atrium?

  Receiving deoxygenated blood from the body
• What is the function of the atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve?

  Preventing backflow of blood into the atrium
• What is the other name for the mitral valve?

  Atrioventricular valve
• What are chordae tendineae?

  Fibrous cords that support heart valves
• What is the role of the right ventricle?

  Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• What does the inferior vena cava do?

  Brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
• What is the septum's function in the heart?

  Separating the left and right sides of the heart
• What is pulmonary circulation?

  • Circulation between the heart and lungs
  • Blood picks up oxygen in the lungs
  • Involves deoxygenated blood traveling to the lungs
• How does deoxygenated blood travel to the right atrium?

  Through the inferior vena cava veins
• What happens to blood after it enters the right atrium?

  It flows through a valve into the right ventricle
• What occurs in the right ventricle?

  Blood passes through a valve to pulmonary arteries
• What is the purpose of the pulmonary arteries?

  Carrying blood to the lungs for oxygenation
• What is the primary function of the lungs in pulmonary circulation?

  To pick up oxygen from the blood
• Where does the blood go after leaving the pulmonary arteries?

  To the lungs to get rid of carbon dioxide
• What happens to blood after it is oxygenated in the lungs?

  It is returned to the left atrium via pulmonary veins
• What is the pathway of blood in systemic circulation?

  • Blood flows from the left side of the heart
  • Through the aorta to the rest of the body
  • Oxygenated blood passes from left atrium to left ventricle
  • Pumped into the aorta under great pressure
  • Delivers nutrients to all cells
• What is the role of the aorta in the circulatory system?

  It is the main artery for blood distribution
• What occurs after the exchange of nutrients in the cells?

  The blood is depleted of waste and returns to the heart
• How does blood return to the right atrium after nutrient exchange?

  Via the inferior and superior vena cava
• What is the significance of blood being pumped under great pressure?

  It ensures nutrients are delivered throughout the body
• What type of blood is carried by the pulmonary arteries?

  Deoxygenated blood
• What is the function of the pulmonary veins?

  To return oxygenated blood to the left atrium
• What are arteries?

  Blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood