AP II Final

• this chamber has to work harder than the others, so it has the thickest myocardium

  left ventricle
• the following is the most correct pathway of blood in a normal human

  left atrium > bicuspid > left ventricle > aortic SL valve
• Myocardial ischemia can lead to


  tissue death
• the most correct sequence in the cardiac conduction system is

  SA node > AV nodes > AV bundle > bundle branches > purkinje fibers
• which layer of the following serves the dual purpose of forming the inner layer of the pericardium and forming the outermost wall of the heart

  visceral pericardium
• the layer of the heart that forms a smooth, protective lining of the heart chambers and valves is the

  endocardium
• the bicuspid valve

  located on the left side of the heart
• the _________________ has the thickest wall because it pumps blood to the _____________

  left ventricle; systemic circuit
• freshly oxygenated blood enters the heart through the ________________, and is pumped out of the heart via the _____________

  left atrium; aorta
• someone suffering a heart attack in his lower anterior right ventricle probably had a blockage in which coronary artery?


  marginal
• what does the ECG QRS wave indicate is happening in the heart

  the ventricles are depolarizing while the atria repolarizes.
• which membrane is closest to the heart muscle

  visceral pericardium
• How many openings are there in the right atrium

  4
• the ___________ valve lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle

  tricuspid
• the pulmonary semilunar valve prevents a back-flow from returning to the

  right ventricle
• the aortic semilunar valve prevents blood from returning to the

  left ventricle
• which structure contains the lowest amount of oxygen

  vena cava
• the last in the cardiac conduction sequence is the

  purkinje fibers
• the electrical initiation of a heartbeat begins in the ___________ chamber wall

  right atrium
• the T wave of an electrocardiogram represents which event

  ventricular repolarization
• blood from the cardiac muscle itself drains into the

  coronary sinus
• the superior vena cava enters the _____________ of the heart

  right atrium
• which of the following contains blood w/ a relatively high oxygen content

  left ventricle
• which of the following contains blood with a relatively low oxygen content

  pulmonary artery
• the atria will empty during

  atrial systole
• which chamber of the heart contains the pacemaker

  right atrium
• the __________ allows the atria to communicate with the ventricles

  A-V bundle
• which part of the heart is the last to become excited during a cardiac cycle

  superior ventricular region
• which area allows the atria to completely empty as the ventricles fill with blood

  A-V node
• the time taken for an impulse to travel from the S-A to the A-V node is evidenced in the

  P-Q interval
• the valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle is the

  bicuspid valve
• arrange in order in which an erythrocyte would pass through them after returning to the heart from the left arm

  4 (tricuspid), 3 (pulmonary SL valve), 2 (bicuspid), 1 (aortic SL)
• action potentials pass rapidly from one cardiac muscle cell to another because of

  intercalated disks and numerous gap junctions
• the depolarization phase of cardiac muscle action potential occurs when

  voltage gated Na+ channels open
• which of these conditions occur in the cardiac muscle cell during the plateau phase?


  voltage gated Ca2+ ion channels, voltage gated K+ ion channels open and Na+ ion channels open
• which of these conditions occur in the cardiac muscle cell during the final repolarization phase

  voltage gated K+ ion channels are open alone
• in an EKG, the P wave represents

  depolarization of the atria
• during the QT interval of the EKG, the

  ventricles contract and begin to relax
• arrange in order an erythrocyte through them as it leaves the heart

  2 (elastic arteries), 3 (muscular), 1 (arterioles)
• arrange these capillaries in order from those w/ the most permeable capillary wall to those w/ the least

  5 (venous sinuses), 4 (sinusoids), 3 (sinusoidal), 2 (fenestrated), 1 (continuous capillaries)