cells

• A cell is the genetic marker for all living things
• Cell theory is a theory that explains how cells work and how they are related to each other
• Unicellular organisms are made up of a single cell to control the organism
• Multicellular organisms have many different types of cells, which can be specialized or unspecialized.
• Cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell membrane where most chemical reactions take place.
• The nucleus contains DNA, which controls the growth and development of an organism.
• Mitochondria produce energy through respiration.
• Ribosomes synthesize proteins from amino acids.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and convert sunlight into food.
• Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste products.
• Cell walls support plant cells and prevent them from bursting due to osmosis.
• Cell walls are found only in plant cells and give them structure and support.
• Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores water and other substances.
• Plant cells also have plasmodesmata, which allow communication between adjacent cells.
• Animal cells do not have a cell wall or a large central vacuole.
• Animal cells do not have cell walls but instead rely on their cytoskeleton for structure and shape.
• Cilia and flagella are hair-like structures found on some animal cells that aid in movement or transport.
• Permeable membrane contains pores or openings that allow fluids to pass through the cell like cotton soaking up water
• Selectively permeable membranes only let certain molecules pass through them
• Impermeable membranes don't contain pores or openings or let fluids pass through a cell like asphalt
• Cellular transport is the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It involves numerous processes that ensure the safety and longevity of the cell.
• Diffusion is the movement of molecules or particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, continuing until equilibrium is reached.
• Equilibrium refers to the state of balance and stability. It is reached when the internal and external factors are regulated, resulting in stability and balance within a biological system
• The muscular system is responsible for movement and posture, and is made up of skeletal muscles like ligaments and tendons
• Skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and joints. Support movement and protection of organs
• circulatory system is the system of blood vessels and the heart that carries blood around the body and delivers nutrients and removes waste
• Respiratory system is the system of lungs, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli as well as airways that allow us to breathe and exchange gases with our environment
• Nervous system is the network of nerves and neurons that control all bodily functions and allow communication between different parts of the body
• The digestive system is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine. Breaks down food and expels waste.
• The excretory system is the system that removes waste products from the body while filtering blood. It's made up of the kidneys, bladder, and urethra
• Integumentary system is made up of hair, skin, nails, and sweat glands. Protects the body and maintains temperature
• Endocrine system is made up of hormone-producing glands such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries (in females), testes (in males). Regulates various bodily processes through chemical messengers called hormones
• Lymphatic system is a network of vessels that transports lymph from tissues to the blood. It's made up of the lymph nodes and vessels.
• The reproductive system is the part of the body that produces and maintains offspring
• Unicellular organisms propel themselves using their Cilia and flagella to move almost like swimming
• Multicellular organisms use muscles to contract and relax which causes movement
• A cell membrane separates the inside of the cell from its surroundings
• Osmosis is a type of diffusion that occurs in the cell membrane. It's the process of water molecules moving from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane till equilibrium is reached.