EXP PSY

Subdecks (8)

Cards (415)

  • science of behavior
    psychology
  • latin word scientia which means knowledge
    science
  • content and process
    science
  • facts we learn in our courses
    content
  • systematic ways in gathering data, noting relationship and offering explanations, ways to produce a content
    process
  • Everyday, non-scientific data gathering that shapes our beliefs and directs our behaviors towards others
    commonsense psychology
  • limitations of commonsense psychology
    sources of psychological information
    inferential strategies
  • Tendency to overlook instances that might disconfirm our beliefs and only seek confirmatory instances of that behavior
    confirmation bias
  • When we understand other people’s behavior, there a strong bias to overlook situational data in favor of data that substantiate trait explanations
    non-scientific inference
  • Our predictions, guesses and explanations tend to feel much more correct than they actually are and the more data we have available, the more confidence we have in our judgments about behavior
    overconfidence bias
  • characteristics of scientific methods
    scientific mentality
    gathering empirical data
    seeking general principles
    good thinking
    self-correction
    publicizing results
    replication
  • Behavior must follow a natural order; therefore. It can be predicted; there are patterns
    scientific mentality
  • There are specifiable causes for the way people behave and that these causes can discovered through research
    determinism
  • Advocated systematic observations and careful classification of naturally occurring events
    aristotle
  • Observable and experienced data
    empirical data
  • basis of our hypothesis
    laws and theories
  • Principles that have the generality to apply all situations
    laws
  • Set of general principles that attempts to explain and predict behavior or phenomena
    theory
  • We don’t let our biases to influence our judgment and accept no matter the result is
    good thinking
  • Simplicity and clarity of thoughts
    principle of parsimony
  • Accept the uncertainty of our own conclusion
    self-correction
  • End goal of research to make the information known which can be used by other researchers
    publicizing results
  • Be able to repeat our procedures and get the same results again if we have gathered data objectively and if we have followed good thinking
    replication
  • 4 major objectives of research
    description
    prediction
    explanation
    control
  • Systematic and unbiased account of the observed characteristics of behaviors
    description
  • Capacity for knowing in advance when certain behaviors would be expected to occur because we have identified other conditions with which the behaviors are linked or associated
    prediction
  • Knowledge of the conditions that reliably reproduce the occurrence of a behavior
    explanation
  • Application of what has been learned about behavior
    control
  • Designed to solve real-world problems
    applied research
  • Designed to test theories or to explain psychological phenomena in humans and animals
    basic research
  • tools of psychological science
    observation
    measurement
    experimentation
  • Systematic noting and recording of events

    observation
  • Assignment of numerical values to objects or events or their characteristics according to conventional rules
    measurement
    • Must have procedures for manipulating the setting
    • Predicted outcome must be observable
    • Able to measure the outcome
    experimentation
  • Circumstances that come before the event or behavior that we want to explain
    antecedent conditions
  • Specific sets of antecedent conditions
    treatments
    • Controlled procedure in which at least 2 different treatment conditions are applied to subjects
    • Procedures in the psychology experiment are carefully controlled so that we can be sure we are measuring what we intend to measure
    • Successful experimentation relies heavily on the principle of control
    psychology experiment
  • how to achieve control
    • Random assignment of subjects to different treatment conditions
    • Presenting a treatment condition in an identical manner to all subjects
  • Infer a cause and effect in an experiment
    establishing cause and effect
  • Infer a cause and effect in an experiment
    temporal relationship