HCI Prelim 2

• Humans: Products of evolution prioritizing survival.
• Humans: Adapt well to unexpected challenges and can employ

  deception.
• Humans: Not primarily designed for precision.
• Computers: Inventions under 100 years old, known for reliability and consistency.
• Computers: Operate on mathematical principles, excelling in accuracy and repeatability.
• Humans: Operate slowly and complexly, excel in highly parallel processing, adapt quickly to change, and are tolerant and forgiving of errors.
• Computers: Known for fast processing and high speed, but lack fault tolerance, emphasizing precision in operations.
• Errors occur when computers receive unprocessable information, often with humans blamed.
• Types of Error in Human-Computer Interaction

  ● Slips

  ● Mistakes
• Slips: Occur during automatic behaviors, leading to unintended actions.
• Mistakes: Arise from conscious decisions that result in wrong actions.
• Capture errors occur when a routine, frequently performed activity takes over the action you intended to do.
• Capture error highlights how habitual behaviors can override conscious decisions in specific contexts.
• Description errors occur when an intended action is mistakenly executed on the wrong object or artifact due to similarities or misidentification.
• Description error highlights the challenges in interface design, where visually or functionally similar objects can lead to mistaken actions.
• Data-driven errors occur when the arrival of unexpected or unsolicited sensory data triggers an unintended action.
• Data-driven error is often seen when a person’s action or actions are redirected by new, incoming information, leading to a deviation from the intended task.
• Associative activation errors, often referred to as Freudian slips, occur when an unintended action or statement is made due to an underlying subconscious association.
• Associative activation errors reveal how deep-seated thoughts or associations can inadvertently influence our behaviors or speech.
• Freudian slips are verbal or memory mistakes that are believed to be linked to the unconscious mind.
• Freudian slip is named after psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud
• Freudian slips often reveal underlying thoughts, emotions, or desires that the individual might not be aware of or might be repressing.
• Loss-of-activation errors occur when someone forgets to complete an intended action, often due to distractions or shifting focus to another task.
• Loss-of-activation error reflects a lapse in memory or action, resulting in the failure to remember to carry out a planned activity.
• Mode errors happen when an action sequence is executed in the wrong context or mode, leading to unintended consequences.
• Mode errors are common in complex systems where different modes dictate different behaviors for the same actions.
• Three levels of processing

  • Visceral

  • Behavioral

  • Reflective
• Visceral: Pre-conscious, pre-thought
• Visceral: Appearance matters
• Visceral: First impressions are formed
• Visceral: Initial impact of the product—touch, feel, appearance
• Behavioral: Use
• Behavioral: Experience with the product
• Behavioral: Function
• Behavioral: Performance
• Behavioral: Usability
• Reflective: Affected by culture, experience, education, and

  individual differences
• Reflective: Can override the visceral and behavioral
• Reflective: Sophistication vs. popularity
• Reflective: Long-term relationships