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Cognitive psych
Gender, individual and aging differences
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Cards (11)
Stable patterns of performance that differ qualitatively and/or quantitively across individuals
Intelligence
Expert
vs
novice
Bilingualism
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Intelligence
Bell curve
vs
6
different intelligences
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Expert vs novice (chess example)
1. Shown a chess board with multiple pieces arranged on it for
5
seconds
2. Asked to
remake
the board from memory
3. Experts perform much
better
than novices when pieces are in
meaningful positions
4. Experts no longer have an
advantage
when pieces are
randomly
scattered
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Chunking
Increase
memory
span when information is
meaningful
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Bilinguals
Better ability to attend
selectively
to relevant information, and ignore
competing
and distracting info
Better able to distinguish both the
rat
and the man in the ambiguous drawing compared to
monolinguals
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Preserved functions with aging
Semantic
memory
Implicit
memory
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Declining functions with aging
Greater
decline in memory processes associated with the
frontal
lobe
Episodic
memory: encoding deficit, retrieval deficit, source memory deficit
General
slowing
on processing speed
Less effective
inhibition
processes
Reduced
availability
of attentional resources
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HAROLD
Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction
in
Older Adults
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Gender differences
Mental rotation
tasks:
males
greatly outperform females
Object location Change
/
Visual tasks
: females outperform males
Verbal Skills
: females show
earlier onset
of fluency, Verbal memory and fluency advantages carried on into adult hood
Vocabulary
and verbal reasoning show
no gender differences
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Women's brains
Less
lateralized
than men's
Tasks more
spread
out through brain
Show better/quicker
recovery
to brain injury (specifically in
language
)
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Men's brains
Highly
specialized
in undertaking certain
processes
in specific areas
View source
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