Cognitive approach

• Cognitive approach


  Thought processes can and should be studied scientifically, the mind works like a computer with inputs, processing, and outputs
• Cognitive psychology


  • Uses theoretical models (e.g. multi-store model of memory)
  • Looks at behaviour in a series of distinct steps
• Information processing model


  Compares the human mind to a computer
• Schemas


  Cognitive representations of our ideas about a person or situation, formed through experiences, allow us to predict and process information quickly but can also lead to distortions
• Cognitive neuroscience


  Looks for a biological basis for thought processes, combining cognitive and biological psychology
• Cognitive approach


  • Uses scientific methodology, highly controlled lab studies to infer cognitive processes
  • Use of brain scanning techniques (e.g. fMRI) in cognitive neuroscience enhances scientific credibility
• Weakness of cognitive approach

  Uses abstract concepts (e.g. schemas, theoretical models) that are difficult to scientifically evidence, leading to lack of falsifiability and subjective interpretation
• Weakness of cognitive approach

  Theoretical models may oversimplify complex processes, overlooking the role of emotion
• Weakness of cognitive approach

  Suggests people are mechanistic and lack free will, which contradicts the concept of free will
• George Miller first used the term 'cognitive neuroscience' in 1971
• MRI and PET scans have enabled scientists to systematically observe and describe the neurological basis of mental processes
• Mark Breakdown: A01 - 6 marks, AO3 - 10 marks