19th Century Philippines

    avatar
    Created by
    Kyla mae

    Subdecks (1)

    Cards (72)

    • When King Charles I decided to send an expedition to Maluccas, his purpose was primarily commercial.
    • Since the “discovery” of the Philippines was made under the auspices of Spain, the Philippines therefore was rightfully owned by Spain.
    • Since Spain, being in actual possession of the Philippines, it had a right to colonize it. In other words Spain claimed the Philippines by right of “discovery.”
    • Referred specifically to those colonies rules directly by a Governor appointed by the Monarch.
    • Spain govern the Philippines through the union of Church and State, introducing to a new beliefs.
      • In 1863 - in order to make the administration of the Philippines efficient, as a colony, it was place under the jurisdiction of Ministry of the Colonies or Overseas Ministry (Ministerio de Untramar)
    • Ministry of the Colonies or Overseas Ministry (Ministerio de Ultramar) - the ministerial department in charge of the direction of Spanish colonies between 1863 and 1899. It administered the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Carolinas, Marianas and Palaos.
      • Some Spanish law were likewise adopted:
      1. La Lovisima Recompilacion
      2. Leyes De Toro
      3. Siete Partidas
      • Central Government - was headed by the governor and captain - general or governor general.
    • Captain -general or Governor-general - was appointed by the King of Spain. He possessed vast executive, legislative, and judicial powers.
      • There are only two branches of government under Spanish Rule:
      1. The Executive
      2. The Judical
    • SUPERIOR DECREES - orders from governor-general.
    • ROYAL DECREES - orders coming from the King of Spain
    • GOVERNOR-GENERAL

      He is the president of Audiencia, he was also the Vice Royal Patron in the Philippines.
    • GOVERNOR-GENERAL

      He can appoint minor officials in the government including the parish priests.
    • GOVERNOR-GENERAL
      • He is the commander in chief of the armed forces.
    • Compalse - the right of the governor-general to suspend the operation of the royal decree or order relative to the Philippines if in his opinion, the said order or decree would not be beneficial to the administration pf the country.
    • The Audiencia was established in the Philippines in 1583 to administer justice to the aggrieved people in the colony.
    • Governor Santiago de Vera - first president of Audiencia.
    • Audiencia was the Highest court insofar as civil and criminal cases were concerned even political, and administrative matters.
    • In the absence of a governor, the Audiencia exercised political and administrative powers.
    • Audiencia was abolished by the King of Spain in 1589 because of the opposition of some powerful persons in colonial.
      • King of Spain re-established the audience in 1595. However, it actually carried out its function in 1568 when it was inaugurated.
      • Provincial Government - under the central government, which were already recognizing the authority of Spain.
    • Alcalde Mayor - called to a provincial governor who governs provincial government, he was appointed by the governor-general. His salary is small but he could collect tribute to increase his income.
    • Municipal Government - under the provincial government and it is composed of several warriors.
    • Gobernadorcillio (little governor), also called capitan municipal  or simply capitan.
      • Today he was called Mayor, he was elected by the thirteen electors who were prominent in the town. 
    • Six of the electrons were former Cabezas de Barangay; the thirteen electrons were the outgoing capitan.
    • Spanish friar-curate are the one who approves the one who approves the selected gobernadorcillio.
    • During first century of Spanish rule, there were only two cities:
      1. Cebu
      2. Manila
      • After seventeenth century, the Philippines had six cities:
      1. Cebu 
      2. Manila 
      3. Vigan 
      4. Nueva Segovia (Lal-lo Cagayan) 
      5. Arevalo (Part of Iloilo City ) 
      6. Nueva Caseres (Naga)
    • Ayuntamiento
      • the city government equivalent todays city hall consisted of two alcaldes, twelve regidors (councilors), a chief of police, a secretary, and few other lesser officials.
      • Cabeza - who headed the barrio or barangay he did not receive salary. however, he was given a portion of the taxes collect in his barrio, he is also considered a member of principalia or the aristocracy.
      • Many Filipinos converted from animist religion to the catholic faith by the first Augustinians came with Miguel López de Legazpi in 1565.
    • The Augustinian friars were the first Christian missionaries to settle in the Philippines. They were led by navigator Augustine Friar Andrés de Urdaneta who arrived at Cebu in 1565.
    • Augustinian Order
      • It is a religious order observing a rule derived from St. Augustine’s writings.
    • Animist religion
      • Animism is the oldest known type of belief system in the world.
    • The King of Spain known as Philip II decided that the Philippines should convert to Catholic beliefs.
    • The union of church and state during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines established a close collaboration between the Catholic church and the colonial government significantly shaping the political and social landscape of the archipelago.
    See similar decks