RH BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

• Rh genes and RHCE gene found in chromosomes 1
• Rh1= D
• Rh 2= C
• Rh3= E
• Rh4 = c
• Rh5 = e
• most common genotype in white is R1r; most common genotype for black is R0r
• Warm autoantibodies often appear to have “anti-e-like specificity”
• Rh-mediated hemolytic transfusion reactions usually result in extravascular hemolysis
• D Deletion - individuals do not posses the genes needed to synthesize Cc or Ee
• Rh null phenotype- individuals lack all Rh antigens on their RBCs; individuals with Rh null phenotype demonstrate mild compensated
• LW antigen was demonstrated as an antigen present on Thesus monkey and on majority of human RBCs.
• Genetic weak D- D antigen expressed is complete but few in number
• C-Trans- also known as position effect or gene interaction effect; D allele is in trans (or opposite side) to the allele carrying C
• Partial D(D mosaic)- occurs when the D epitopes within the D antigen is either missing or altered.
• Weak D testing is a form of Indirect Antiglobulin Test
• AHG also known as COOMB‘s Reagent; they are antibodies that target the human globulin . • serves as a bridge to connect two-non agglutinating antibodies.
• DIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN TEST • detects for In vivo sensitization or coating. • specimen is RBCs
• Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction- recipient antibody coating RBCs
• Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn- maternal antibody coating fetal RBCs
• Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia- autoantibody coating RBCs
• INDIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN TEST • detects for in vitro sensitization or coating • specimen Serum
• crossmatching= detects recipient antibody reacting with donor cells
• antibody screening= detects antibody reacting with screening cells
• antibody panel= detects antibody reacting with panel cells.