1_Chem0

• Laboratory


  A building or a room where scientific experiments are carried and to conduct experiment successfully, it there should be proper laboratory apparatuses and equipment
• Beaker


  Cylindrical container used to store, pour, mix and heat liquids in laboratories
• Do not use a beaker to measure the volume of a liquid. Use a graduated cylinder instead
• Use a beaker that holds about twice as much liquid as you need
• Test tube


  Used to perform small scale test, like simple chemical reactions, melting point out estimation, or entire chemical assays, generally colorimetric
• Use test tubes to hold small amount of substances
• Do not use test tube to measure the volume of a liquid
• Use a test tube when heating a substance over a flame
• When heating, slant the test tube to 45degrees angle and avoid pointing the mouth to you or to others
• Stirring rod


  It use to mix chemicals and liquids for laboratory purposes
• Stirring rod


  • Facilitate/guide liquids when transferring
  • Gently stir the substances and it is made of glass
  • Do not use if chipped or broken
• Mortar and pestle


  Used to crash, grind, and mix solid substances
• When crushing, put small amount of sample in the mortar
• Crush the sample gently but with force then grind
• Spatula


  Used for transferring samples, scraping or applying powders
• Stainless steel spatulas resist boiling water, acids, bases, and most solvents
• Volumetric flask


  A piece of laboratory glassware that is used to prepare and measure chemical solutions. It is used to make up a solution to a known volume
• Erlenmeyer flask


  Used to hold and mix chemicals. The small neck is to facilitate mixing without spilling
• Do not use a erlenmeyer flask to measure the volume of a liquid. Use a graduated cylinder instead
• Iron clamp


  A piece of laboratory equipment used to hold things and is placed in an iron stand to elevate other equipment
• Iron stand


  A metal rod attached to a heavy metal base. The heavy base keeps the stand stable, and vertical metal rod allows for easy height adjusment of the iron ring/clamp
• Water bath


  Used to incubate samples in water at a constant temperature over a long period of time
• Fill it with distilled/clean water
• Set the thermostat to desired temperature and allow water to warm to that temperature
• Bunsen burner


  Used for heating, sterilization, and combustion in a laboratory. Uses ethyl alcohol or spirit as a fuel
• Generally made up of glass, brass or aluminum
• Test tube rack


  Storage form test tubes
• Do not forget to label the test tubes in the test tube racks
• Analytical balance


  Used to measure mass to a high degree of precision and accuracy
• Before weighing anything on the analytical balance you must make sure that it is leveled and zeroed
• Avoid placing the analytical balance in a crowded area or with strong air
• After putting the container, do not forget to tare. Then put the sample to be measure
• Hot plate


  Used for heating substances
• The hot plate main power must be turned off
• Ensure that the electrical cords and temperature sensor probe wires don't come in contact with the hot plate surface
• Watch glass


  Great for heating small amounts of substances over a Bunsen burner, especially when you don't want much air to reach the contents (when the lid comes in especially handy)
• Evaporating dish


  Used to evaporate excess water - or other solvents. To ensure that a concentrated solution or the dissolved substance is left behind
• If it needs heat to increase evaporation, do not forget to identify if the sample is flammable or not. (If yes, use indirect method of heating)
• Funnel


  Used for pouring liquids or powder through a small opening and for holding the filter paper in filtration. Used in transferring liquids in small containers
• Laboratory thermometer


  A tool used in laboratories to measure temperature with high accuracy. It can be partially or fully immersed in the substance being measured