Personality

• Deletions or insertions


  • Loss or addition of one or more nucleotides in a gene, the protein the gene makes may not function properly or the function may be altered
• Changes in chromosome number and segment rearrangements

  • Down syndrome (chromosome 21), Edward syndrome (chromosome 18), Patau syndrome (chromosome 13), Klinefelter's syndrome (extra X chromosome)

  
• Dominant vs Recessive


  A dominant allele is expressed even if paired with a recessive allele, a recessive allele is only visible when paired with another recessive allele

  
• Autosomal recessive


  A disease appears in male and female children of unaffected (carrier) parents if two copies of the affected gene are inherited

  
• Autosomal dominant


  A person needs only one copy of the defective gene to develop the disorder
• 1. linked recessive


  All the daughters of an affected male are "carriers", many more males show the disorder, none of the sons of an affected male show the disorder or are carriers

  
• Co-dominant inheritance


  Two different versions (alleles) of a gene can be expressed, and each version makes a slightly different protein
• Mitochondrial inheritance


  Applies to genes in mitochondrial DNA (maternal inheritance)

  
• Mitochondrial disorders


  • Can appear in every generation of a family and can affect both males and females, but fathers do not pass mitochondrial traits to their children

  
• Behavioural Genetics


  The investigation of the associations between genetics and behavioural characteristics (e.g., personality), also considers the role of environment